We also found that the "Juhayna News" account (@juhayna_news) has a Facebook page with the same name and cover photo (logo). The page is managed by five administrators located in Iraq, according to the page's information.

Additionally, we identified fake Yemeni, Iraqi, Syrian, and Lebanese accounts that shared videos of protests, falsely claiming they were recent. Upon investigation, we found that these videos actually date back to 2019. We determined the identity of these accounts through an analysis of the posts they publish and share, as well as their political affiliations.

By reviewing the Yemeni accounts that posted the video, it became evident from their posts that they are aligned with the Houthi movement.

The accounts @bwmmdlbryd31414 and @LAldyn20124 use a profile picture of Abdul-Malik Al Houthi, the leader of the Ansar Allah (Houthi) movement.

According to Twitonomy, the first account was created on October 28, 2024, while the second was created on December 16, 2023.

Meanwhile, a third account named "Support and Backup" (@AlymnyAlsq81595) uses a profile picture of Yahya Saree, the official spokesperson for the Yemeni Armed Forces loyal to Ansar Allah. This account was created on December 23, 2023.

Upon reviewing the Lebanese accounts that shared the misleading protest videos, their posts indicated that they support Hezbollah and the "Axis of Resistance."

We identified three of these accounts, and upon further examination, it became clear that they were fake. Two of them were recently created: the account @fm7721015499415 was created on September 17, 2024, while the account @almary434 was created on November 14, 2023. Both accounts use a profile picture of Hassan Nasrallah, the former Secretary-General of Hezbollah.

Separate Analysis for Each Hashtag

“#حركة_ ثوار_ ٢٥ يناير” (January 25 Revolutionaries Movement) 

The hashtag first appeared on January 11, 2025, and tracking its activity between January 11 and January 20 revealed that it peaked on the same day it was launched, with 2,175 mentions recorded.

Between January 11 and January 20, 2025, the phrase was mentioned 5,436 times by 3,666 users, indicating that certain accounts actively worked to amplify the hashtag by repeatedly posting about it or sharing it.

On January 11, 2025, at 5:27 AM Eastern European Time, Ahmed Al Mansour made the first announcement on X about what he called the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement." He shared a photo of himself standing in the center, surrounded by masked individuals on both sides, holding up the royal-era flag.

The post garnered approximately 39,000 interactions, including likes, comments, and shares.

Ahmed Al Mansour's account on X is relatively new, having been created on May 12, 2024. He currently has 83,827 followers, and following the announcement of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement," his follower count increased by 14,690 between January 11 and 12.

Between January 11 and 20, 2025, a total of 185 users posted 229 original tweets containing the phrase "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement." The majority of these posts had identifiable locations, with most originating from Egypt, followed by the United States and Syria in third place. Meanwhile, 109 posts had unidentified locations.

By analyzing these posts, we identified the repeated use of the same text five times by five different accounts:

"The Egyptian fighter in Syria, Ahmed Al-Mansour, forms the January 25 Revolutionaries Movement to overthrow the Sisi regime, and Egyptians inside the country are engaging with him."

This phrase was shared along with three hashtags on January 11.

An account named "Roa'a for War Studies" (@Roaastudies) was the first to publish this text at 11:38 AM (EET). The other four accounts used the exact same text later, between 3:00 PM and 7:00 PM.

There are indicators suggesting that three of these accounts are fake, as they use avatar images, and two of them were recently created in August and September 2024.

On January 12, we detected another repetition of the same text in seven posts from seven different accounts, all using the following phrase:

"A new Egyptian liberation movement emerges under the name 'January 25 Revolutionaries Movement,' led by the young Egyptian mujahid Ahmed Mansour, who participated in the battles to liberate Al Sham."

The account @WbSA64tnxyolzCh was the first to post this tweet on January 11 at 12:51 AM (Eastern European Time). This account was created in 2020 and has posted over 53,000 tweets since its inception. The account owner describes themselves as a "Sunni Muslim, Amazigh Algerian."

Upon reviewing its posts, the account frequently shares content about ongoing events in Syria and Gaza and aligns with the Muslim Brotherhood’s perspective on Egypt.

The seven accounts posted the same tweet in closely timed intervals, with a gap of approximately three minutes between each post, from 4:11 AM to 4:27 AM. One of these accounts was later deleted for violating X’s policies.

The accounts were recently created within a close timeframe, between October 3 and October 10, 2024. They followed a consistent pattern in their posting behavior since their creation, which included publishing several English-language phrases about financial services that appeared to be AI-generated, along with random, incomprehensible sequences of English letters that lacked any clear meaning.

We analyzed several posts published by these accounts using Copyleaks and CrossPlag, two tools designed to detect whether text has been AI-generated. According to both tools, the texts used were determined to be 100% AI-generated.

We also observed identical posts among some of these accounts, indicating that they are either managed by the same entity or operated by a single individual. One account, @CJackson48560, lists its location as Saudi Arabia, while the other accounts claim to be based in various European and American cities. But X allows users to select any country as their current location, regardless of their actual whereabouts.

The dialect in some of the Arabic posts, along with the use of the hashtag #أمطار_الرياض (Riyadh Rain), suggests that these accounts are likely based in Saudi Arabia.

Contributions

Reposts accounted for 75.1% of the total instances in which the phrase "حركة _ثوار_ ٢٥ يناير#" (January 25 Revolutionaries Movement) was mentioned, with 4,038 shares from 2,721 users or accounts. This suggests that these accounts actively amplified specific posts.

We analyzed several accounts that reposted the tweets on January 11, the day these shares peaked, with the phrase being mentioned 1,889 times. A sample of 42 accounts was examined, revealing several common indicators and characteristics suggesting they were fake accounts, as follows:

Unusual Activity

Of the 42 analyzed accounts, we identified 14 accounts that posted an unusually high number of tweets, reaching thousands within a month or less. For example:

The account @GuadHosny posted 4,795 tweets in just 20 days, from its creation on January 10, 2025, to January 30, 2025, averaging 239 tweets per day—an abnormally high number indicative of automated or unnatural activity. This account does not have a profile picture but uses an image of Ahmed Al Mansour as its cover photo.

Similarly, the account @qswr227937, created on January 6, 2025, posted 3,935 tweets in less than a month, the majority of which were not original but rather reposts from other accounts.

Despite being newly created on January 4, 2025, the account @MalkAbw59152 has already posted more than 2,000 tweets. It only has 15 followers and lacks both a profile picture and a cover photo.

Additionally, we identified four accounts that shared a high number of tweets within short timeframes:

The account @YaraMoh51710937 reposted 13 tweets containing the phrase "حركة _ثوار#_ ٢٥ يناير" (January 25 Revolutionaries Movement) at one-minute intervals between 06:28 and 06:41 Eastern European Time.

The account @ABDO92857332 posted four tweets within a single minute on January 12 at 04:33 AM Eastern European Time.

The account @hassanhass30871 shared an average of six tweets from six different accounts containing the phrase "#حركة _ثوار_ ٢٥ يناير" within two minutes, from 08:49 PM to 08:51 PM Eastern European Time.

The account @ABDO92857332 also posted an average of four tweets within one minute on January 12 at 04:33 AM Eastern European Time. This account uses the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" flag as its profile picture but has no cover photo.

Newly Created Accounts

According to "Twitonomy", the three accounts "@MarwaMo07743956," "@LaylaAhmed91397," and "@GuadHosny" were created on January 10, 2025—just one day before the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" statement was issued.

Out of the 42 analyzed accounts, ten accounts were created in January 2025.

Fake Identities

Upon examining the sample of 42 accounts, we observed that they either had no profile or cover photos, used generic avatars, or displayed AI-generated images. Some accounts featured the flag of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" or a picture of Ahmed Al Mansour, the movement's founder.

Violation of X Policies

Out of the 42 accounts, we identified five accounts that were deleted for violating X platform policies after participating in reposting tweets announcing the launch of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement." Upon examining other accounts, we also observed temporary restrictions imposed by X due to unusual activity detected from these accounts.

– #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator)  

The time period we analyzed: December 27, 2024, to January 15, 2025.

The hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator) emerged on December 27, 2024, and was mentioned over 487,000 times by more than 72,000 users/accounts. This indicates that some accounts worked to amplify posts using this hashtag over a span of 14 days.

Reposts made up the largest share of total hashtag mentions during this period, reaching more than 311,000 shares (63.9%), while original posts under this hashtag exceeded 20,000 tweets (4.3%).

Using Meltwater, we observed that the hashtag peaked on December 31, when it was mentioned more than 45,000 times.

We analyzed the posts published that day and identified several accounts that contributed to amplifying the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator) by using it in a large number of posts throughout the day, including:

The account "Egypt Technocrats Party" (@egy_technocrats) posted 24 tweets containing this hashtag. This account belongs to a party that is still in the process of being established, claiming to be a "civilian alternative to military and religious rule," according to its official website. However, our analysis of the party's posts on X revealed content that supports the Muslim Brotherhood.

Arabi Facts Hub had previously reported that this account participated in coordinated disinformation campaigns opposing the Egyptian government.

The account "Wasal Sotak Campaign" @Wasal_Sotak2 (get your voice heard) posted 16 tweets containing the hashtag #Your_Turn_Dictator. Previously, Arabi Facts Hub reported that this account had participated in coordinated disinformation campaigns.

The account @Yousuf1981AB posted 28 tweets, all of which were identical in text as well as interactive emojis, and hashtags, at closely spaced intervals—an average of three tweets per minute. This suggests that the account exhibits automated or unnatural activity.

The account was created on November 11, 2023, and uses a personal photo as its profile picture.

The account @ISharf1 posted 16 tweets in a similar style, all containing the hashtag (Your Turn Has Come Dictator), throughout the day, at an average rate of two tweets per minute.

Kick Off Whistle

Ahmed Al Mansour initiated the use of the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_دكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator) in a post published on December 26, 2024. We noticed a slight difference in spelling between the hashtag launched by Al Mansour and another similar hashtag that spread alongside it, specifically in the word "دكتاتور" vs. "ديكتاتور" (both meaning "dictator").

Our analysis showed that most of the accounts involved in amplifying the hashtag used both variations—(#جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور) and (#جاك_الدور_يا_دكتاتور)—but the first version (#جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور) was the more widely circulated.

Al Mansour's initial post that marked the starting point gained limited engagement, with 2,133 interactions (including likes, shares, and comments). However, another post he published on January 13, 2025, in which he used the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور alongside other hashtags, saw significantly higher engagement, reaching 25,948 interactions (likes, shares, and comments).

Posts from the account of Abdullah Al Sharif, who is affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood, along with the account "Wasal Sotak Campaign", recorded the highest engagement rates.

Coordination Between Accounts: Links Between the “January 25 Revolutionaries Movement” and “Your Turn Has Come Dictator.”

Out of a sample of 42 accounts that participated in the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" campaign we identified that 10 of these accounts were also involved in amplifying the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator).

According to Meltwater, we detected that the account @almsry_ashr2840 was associated with the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator) more than 4,000 times between December 26, 2024, and January 15, 2025, through tweets, shares, and comments in which the account used the hashtag.

The account @almsry_ashr2840 was created on December 6, 2024. Despite being newly established, it has posted 5,465 tweets, indicating unnatural activity. Most of the account’s posts were found to be in support of the Muslim Brotherhood and against the Egyptian government. The account uses the flag of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" as its profile picture and Ahmed Al Mansour’s image as its cover photo, suggesting that the account is fake.

Additionally, two of the ten accounts that contributed to amplifying the hashtag #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator) were created in January—just days before the announcement of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement." 

@IslamA26009 was created on January 7, 2025, and despite being a newly created account, it had already posted 1,880 tweets. A review of the account revealed that most of its posts were shares from pro-Muslim Brotherhood accounts. The account uses an AI-generated profile picture and cover image of former Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar and has changed its display name from Adel El Awady to Khalid bin Al Walid. Meanwhile, @MalkAbw59152 was created on January 4, 2025, and despite its recent creation, it had already posted more than 2,000 tweets. The account only  has15 followers and does not use a profile picture or a cover photo.

The time period we analyzed: December 10, 2024, to January 15, 2025.

This hashtag began on December 19, 2024, and was mentioned more than 48,000 times by approximately 19,000 users/accounts, indicating that some accounts worked to amplify the hashtag by sharing it multiple times within a specific time frame.

Looking back at early 2024, the hashtag made a brief appearance on January 25. However, that was related to the anniversary of the revolution rather than any organized campaign. As a result, we were unable to determine who first used the hashtag within this campaign.

We identified the top five accounts that gained the most engagement with their posts containing the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية ("The Egyptian Revolution") between December 10, 2024, and January 15, 2025. Among them were two fake accounts with a low number of followers:

• The account @musraamuslim has 1,943 followers, was created on August 29, 2020, uses a default avatar as a profile picture, and operates under a fake name (Pola).
• The account @mido14647535 has 7,850 followers, was created on February 20, 2021, and uses the flag of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" as its profile picture.

The hashtag peaked on December 24, 2024, when it was mentioned 11,422 times in a single day by more than 6,000 users/accounts. This indicates that several accounts amplified the hashtag by publishing a high volume of tweets, shares, and comments containing the hashtag.

We analyzed the posts published on this day and identified several accounts that shared the hashtag in a large number of tweets within a short time frame.

We identified that the account @a_l_o__n_e_ shared 34 tweets containing the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية (The Egyptian Revolution), along with several other hashtags. The account repeatedly reposted certain tweets multiple times within a single minute.

The account uses a profile picture of Egyptian actor Mohamed Farrag and a generic image as a cover photo. Upon examining its activity, we found that most of its posts are reposts of tweets containing various hashtags, including #أحمد_الشرع, (The Egyptian Revolution) #الثورة_المصرية,(Ahmed Al Sharaa) #الثورة_بكرة_تدوسك (The Revolution Will Crush You), as well as several hashtags related to Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

The account @aboali06357610 shared an average of 20 tweets, all of which were reposts of tweets containing the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية (The Egyptian Revolution). Upon reviewing the account, we found that the majority of its posts were reposts from accounts supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood.

We also identified an account named @Falkngo, which posted 48 tweets containing the hashtag. Some of these tweets included repetitive text or a combination of text and images, while others featured AI-generated images depicting protests with multiple people.

We also observed that the account had a different name on December 24, 2024; at that time, it used the username @abobasmla76 and the display name "Thawrat Misr 2025" (Egypt’s Revolution 2025). The account was recently created on June 30, 2024, and has posted 5,311 tweets since its creation. The majority of these tweets are reposts of content from other accounts that are opposed to the current Egyptian government and supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood.

The account @adhamsa96203656, under the name "Thawrat Al Mafasil" (The Joints Revolution), posted 58 tweets containing the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية (Egyptian Revolution), 56 of which were reposts from other accounts.

The account primarily focused on reposting a large volume of tweets from four main accounts, including @alaa293405, which we previously identified as having a high daily posting rate. According to Twitonomy, @alaa293405 has published 94,728 tweets since its creation on October 31, 2023.

We observed that @alaa293405 posted 77 tweets, all of which were reposts of content originally published by other accounts that appear to be affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. The account does not have a profile picture and uses the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement" flag as its cover photo. Since its creation, the account has gained 830 followers.

Additionally, we identified that @dawy_mhmd61202 posted 82 tweets containing the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية (The Egyptian Revolution), all of which were reposts of content from other accounts. Upon examining these tweets, we found that most originated from accounts opposing the Egyptian government and supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, except for a few posts from pro-government accounts.

These pro-government posts included the hashtag #الثورة_المصرية ("The Egyptian Revolution") alongside other hashtags such as #الأرض_الشعب_الجيش (The Land, The People, The Army), #ثورة_الضحك (Joke Revolution), and #ثورة_الكوارع (Trotter Revolution)—which were launched in response to hashtags calling for protests in Egypt.

The time period we analyzed: December 1, 2024, to January 20, 2025.

From December 1, 2024, to January 20, 2025, the hashtag #ثورة_المفاصل (Joints Revolution) was mentioned more than 311,000 times by 36,000 users/accounts on X, indicating that certain accounts actively worked to amplify the hashtag.

Looking back at 2023, we identified the first appearance of this hashtag on November 12, 2023, on X. Its visibility increased significantly from August 2024 onward, making it difficult to pinpoint the first user who launched the hashtag within the analyzed timeframe.

According to Meltwater, the number of original tweets was 8,125, accounting for only 2.6% of the total 311,000 mentions. Meanwhile, reposts made up approximately 59%, with 184,874 shares, suggesting that multiple accounts utilized reposting to amplify the hashtag.

We identified five accounts whose posts with the hashtag #ثورة_المفاصل (Joints Revolution) received the highest engagement on X. The account "Wasal Sotak Campaign" (@Wasal_Sotak2) ranked first, accumulating 19,368 interactions, including likes, comments, and shares. Additionally, a post by Egyptian actor Amr Waked received 7,733 interactions in likes, comments, and shares.

Despite the differences in wording among the five most-engaged posts, they all shared the same objective—calling for protests against the Sisi regime.

The hashtag #ثورة_المفاصل (Joints Revolution) peaked on January 11, 2025, within the timeframe we previously identified, with 17,000 mentions on that day from over 5,000 users/accounts, indicating that certain accounts worked to amplify the hashtag throughout the day.

The hashtag's surge coincided with the announcement of the launch of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement." We also detected its connection to other hashtags, most notably #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator), which we analyzed earlier in this report.

By examining the posts published on January 11, 2025, using the hashtag #ثورة_المفاصل, (Joints Revolution) we identified several accounts that had previously participated in amplifying both #الثورة_المصرية (The Egyptian Revolution) and #جاك_الدور_يا_ديكتاتور (Your Turn Has Come Dictator). These accounts include @mido14647535, @alaa293405, @shahrzad_msr, and @mmedo_D22.

We observed that the majority of posts containing the hashtag #ثورة_المفاصل (Joints Revolution) on this day were linked—either positively or negatively—to reactions regarding the announcement of the launch of the "January 25 Revolutionaries Movement."